Process Innovation Information Technology

Question: Discuss about the Process Innovation for Information Technology. Answer: Introduction The development of IT and its uses in business organization has seen a great rise in present scenario (Davenport 2013). More and more number of organizations has started using the IT tools and techniques for increasing the efficiency of their operations. The report has been made for understanding the role of IT investments and its generation for business value. The case study used in the report is of DBS bank and the title is rewiring the enterprise for digital innovation: the case of DBS bank. The report would present an evaluation of the various forms of business returns and its credentials. Forms of Business Returns at DBS bank Business returns can be defined as a measure of profitability that would help in measuring the performance of the business organization (Yeager and Goldenberg 2012). The DBS bank had grown from a sole bank in Singapore to become one of the largest banks in the world. The forms of business returns had helped in understanding the net profitability from the DBS bank operations. High net worth investment (HNWI): According to Kangave et al. (2016), the High net worth investment (HNWI) wealth for the DBS bank had provided the annual rate of 9.8%. It had formed the growth of the DBS bank at the Asian region when compared to its European at 7.1% and North America at 6.4%. It is evident from the figures that the Asian province of the DBS bank has received most numbers of investments when it is compared with centers of the bank at other regions. Strategic Flexibility: The strategic flexibility provides the sought for coping with change in competitive conditions. The primary problems for the operation of re-posting the capabilities and assets for strategic aspirations are low amount of flexibility and mobility barriers. The strategic flexibility would be helpful for overcoming the legacy costs, social and political resistance. Net profit: Net profit is another way for determining the financial result for the DBS bank (Kangave et al. 2016). The reports for the DBS bank had shown that the amount of net profit of the bank had doubled in 2014 from the net profit of the year 2010. It has shown that the business has been constantly progressed and the overall net profit had increased remarkably. Competitive advantage: The competitive advantage would be helpful for managing the inevitable restructuring. Barriers to change can be flared upon with the assistance from strategic market orientation and overall costs. The competitiveness of the new entrants would extant firms for combating all the aspects of operations. Annual Investments: According to Samoilenko and Osei-Bryson (2013), Annual Investments is the turnover of money that is being put into the DBS bank for their operations in a financial year and it has been seen that the bank has decided to invest an additional 200 million dollars on their technological development. Even the bank has acquired the private banking business of Generales Asian with an investment of 220 million dollars. Customers turnover: DBS bank has seen a considerable increase in the number of customers in their bank (Samoilenko and Osei-Bryson 2013). The number of digital banking users for DBS bank has risen to over 700 million and at this rate the expected number of users for the bank would turn about to be 1.7 billion till the year 2020. IT portfolio analysis of DBS bank The IT portfolio analysis has shown that the risks on any business object can be classified into two parts systematic and unsystematic risk (Gagliardini and Gourieroux 2013). The systematic risks are the market risks that are not able to be diversified. It includes examples like recession and interest rates. The unsystematic risks are the specified risks that can be diversified at times of need. The risk is measured as the deviation that is observed from the average return of the stock. The four assets of DBS bank are cash, fixed interests, property, and shares (Petters and Dong 2016). The IT portfolio analysis for the business returns with respect to the assets of the DBS bank can be explained as: Valuing the securities that might be included in the liquid cash portfolio Calculating the Desired asset allocation for the banks fixed interests (Petters and Dong 2016) Performing calculations for optimizing the portfolio to get the maximum amount of return for the minimum amount of investment and shares Using financial analysis for monitoring the portfolio to see if it meets expectations and then making changes to the individual securities or asset mix when market conditions warrant a change (Chen 2016) Hence it can be useful for forming the risk portfolio and expected return in the DBS bank. It forms an overview of the financial activities making sure that the risk factors are reluctant for harming the organizational operations. It means that they opt for a less risky portfolio to a more risky portfolio for a given level of return (Gagliardini and Gourieroux 2013). The analysis suggests that a financial specialist will decline during the course of expectation of better return. The hazards of the portfolio are a confused capability of the variations that is observed in every benefit and relationships of all the combined benefits (Chen 2016). The analysis of the advantage relationships had shown that the standard deviation or the aggregate portfolio hazard is less than probable figured out value from the weighted total. Measuring Business Returns for DBS bank The Business returns of the DBS bank can be measured by business case analysis for evaluating investments and benefit outcomes. The business returns can be measured in terms for customer satisfaction, risk reduction, employee engagement, quality of service, and branding. Customer Satisfaction: The customer satisfaction would be helpful for getting increased number of customers for their business organziation (Guerra, Magni and Stefanini 2014). The use of feedback from the customers would help in making sure that the needs of the customers are fulfilled. The attenuation of the customer satisfaction would help in getting more customers at the DBS bank. Risk Reduction: The risk reduction is another form for business return that can be useful for improving the operations of DBS bank (Sirinanda et al. 2015). The reduction of risk can be achieved with the help of risk mitigation strategies. The risk reduction in the operations of the bank would help in gaining more profit for DBS bank from their customers. Employee Engagement: The employee engagement can be resulted from the use of rewards and recognition for employees (Phillips 2012). The employees would get more engaged for performing the duties and work if time to time recognition to the employees is provided. The RR would help in engaging the employees for performing more effectively and with more energy. Quality of Service: The quality of service would be helpful for making sure that the services delivered to the customers are of best in nature. The use of quality analysis would help in keeping the most optimum and best quality of service for DBS bank customers. The customers would be more attracted towards the bank for getting the superior support. Branding: The branding is another form for the business return and it results in increasing the market image of the DBS bank. The brand image of the bank could be helpful for supporting the brand image of the bank. Tangibility analysis of business returns The business returns include the customer satisfaction, risk reduction, employee engagement, quality of service, and branding (Lu-Andrews and Yu-Thompson 2015). The use of feedbacks from customers and survey forms are useful for getting the idea of customers thoughts about the company. The risk reduction would be helpful for reducing the negative impact of risk factors in the organization. The brand image and quality of service are all intangible form of returns that can be analyzed for getting maximum results for improving the operations of the business organizations. Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that the various forms of business returns at DBS bank such as customer satisfaction, risk reduction, employee engagement, quality of service, and branding. Their analysis had been a useful component for improving the operations of business organization. The IT portfolio had shown that the risks on any business object is a danger to the resources' changes. The risk and returns of the business activities are related and can be accessed by using the IT portfolio analysis. The customers feedback, survey forms, and growth reports are all tools that had been used for calculating the business returns of the investment. References Chen, J.M., 2016. Modern Portfolio Theory. InPostmodern Portfolio Theory(pp. 5-25). Palgrave Macmillan US. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Form, M.R., 2015. RTI Annual Return Information System (2015-2016).month,1, p.04. Gagliardini, P. and Gouriroux, C., 2013. Granularity adjustment for risk measures: Systematic vs unsystematic risks.International Journal of Approximate Reasoning,54(6), pp.717-747. Guerra, M.L., Magni, C.A. and Stefanini, L., 2014. Interval and fuzzy Average Internal Rate of Return for investment appraisal.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,257, pp.217-241. Kangave, J., Nakato, S., Waiswa, R. and Zzimbe, P.L., 2016. Boosting Revenue Collection through Taxing High Net Worth Individuals: The Case of Uganda. Lu-Andrews, R. and Yu-Thompson, Y., 2015. CEO inside debt, asset tangibility, and investment.International Journal of Managerial Finance,11(4), pp.451-479. Petters, A.O. and Dong, X., 2016. Markowitz Portfolio Theory. InAn Introduction to Mathematical Finance with Applications(pp. 83-150). Springer New York. Phillips, J.J., 2012.Return on investment in training and performance improvement programs. Routledge. Samoilenko, S.V. and Osei-Bryson, K.M., 2013. Human Development and Macroeconomic Returns within the Context of Investments in Telecoms: An Exploration of Transition Economies.Information Technology for Development, pp.1-12. Sirinanda, K.G., Brazil, M., Grossman, P.A., Rubinstein, J.H. and Thomas, D.A., 2015. Maximizing the net present value of a Steiner tree.Journal of Global Optimization,62(2), pp.391-407. Yeager, R. and Goldenberg, E., 2012. HERproject women's health program delivers real business returns.Global Business and Organizational Excellence,31(2), pp.24-36.

Social Enterprise and Key Features Free Samples for Students

Question: 1.Describe the social enterprise and key features.2.Identify and Analysis the Market for the Social Enterprises. Answer: Introduction The paper describes Who gives a Crap which is a social enterprise based in Australia. It also provides the history and key features of the enterprise. In addition, the paper identifies and analyses the market in which the social enterprise operates. 7P marketing mix and SWOT analysis are some of the market analyzing strategies that have been used in the paper. Social enterprises are business initiatives which are meant to raise revenue and then use a fraction of the raised revenue in addressing economic, social or economic problems. The enterprise must therefore do everything possible to ensure that they remain competitive in the business market. There is no country where social enterprises are accorded preferential treatment in the business market. Social enterprises must therefore consider the marketing mix. In addition they must carefully analyze the market in which they operate. Since social enterprises uses a portion of their proceeds to improve the lives of people in the societ y, they must be able to carry out business and meet their targets. 1.Description of the Social enterprise and key features Who gives a crap is a social enterprise that was started way back in 2012 by Danny Alexander, Griffiths and Jehan Ratnatunga. The three people came up with the idea when they learned that there are close to 2.3 billion people worldwide who are in dire need of toilets. That was a huge fraction of the worlds total population (Anderson, 2015). The lack of toilets meant that about 40 % of the world population, more so those who live in Sub-Saharan Africa were prone to infections from diarrhea-related diseases. By good luck, it has been proved beyond doubt that accessibility to toilets is the only solution to diarrhea-related diseases. Toilets improve health, quality of life and also provide dignity at the same time (Cunningham, 2016). Research has also shown that investing in a single dollar in sanitation is likely to yield $5.50 regarding economic prosperity. According to the Griffith and his colleagues, that was indeed crap. They therefore, decided to come up with an initiative that would transform the lives of people across the world. Griffith and his friends started Who gives a crap (Marketing Minds, 2012). Who gives crap makes toilet paper, tissues, and paper towel from recycled materials and then sells them to customers. They then dedicate half of the proceeds obtained from the sales towards the building of toilets for people in developing countries. They also provide clean water access and hygiene education. As at now, 120,000 now have access to toilets courtesy of Who Gives A Crap.22, 758 trees have also been saved given that Who Gives A Crap uses recycled materials (Anderson, 2015). The use of eco-friendly materials have in turn led to the preservation of millions of litres of water and reduction of close to 4,000 tons of greenhouse gasses. Griffiths is the current Chief Executive Officer of the social initiative. He is famously known to have sat on a toilet for 50 hours until $ 50,000 was raised by their crowdfunding campaign to start the initiative. Griffith has teamed up with Craig $ Karl in creating some smaller sized toilet roll wrappers. He has taken the move to ensure that they can sell as many toilet papers as possible (Cunningham, 2016). Another reason why they decided to team up with Craig and Karl was to enable them to reach out to new customers. The collaboration with Craig and Karl puts the organization in a good position to market Who Gives A Crap to their fans and also share their story (Cunningham, 2016). 2.Identification and analysis of the market 7Ps Marketing Mix Product /Service Who Gives A Crap deals in generally basic products. Everyone needs toilet papers. Who gives crap makes toilet paper and paper towel from recycled materials. The products are of high quality, useful and convenient for use by the consumers (Anderson, 2015). They are made and packed such that all the customers would have value for their money. In addition; they are donating 50% of their profits. The 50% of profits is channeled towards the building of toilets for people, mostly in developing countries (Desmond Stone, 2007). Price and terms Who Gives A Crap sells their commodities at competitive prices. The prices are very affordable. The fact that they are making their products from recycled materials has enabled them to sell the products at fairly reduced prices and still makes profits. The products are sold to high income earners as well as low income earners, meaning that they must be sold at affordable prices (Lehmann Winer, 2007). Place/Access and availability Toilet papers and paper towels made by the social enterprise is sold in almost all parts of the nation (Cunningham, 2016). The products are easily available in retail shops, wholesale stores, and supermarkets. They can also be purchased from the social enterprises offices and depots. Those who have access to the internet can also access the organizations products online on their website (Ferrell Hartline , 2010). The enterprise has a website whereby customers can access view and compare the prices of various products. Promotion and selling Who Gives A Crap has branding marks on all its products. The branding marks enable customers to distinguish its products from those of its competitors. The fact that it donates 50% of all its profits towards the building of toilets in developing countries is in itself a very serious promotion activity (Marketing Minds, 2012). The idea of constructing toilets has made the organization and its products to become very famous in the countries. The organization has also been able to understand their customers product preferences and taste. They have therefore ensured that the customers are satisfied by the products offered to them (Ferrell Hartline , 2010). People Who Gives A Crap has employed people who make, supply and sell their products to customers. They have people in management, employees and those who provide customer services. The employees who provide customer services are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that customers are satisfied by the products and services offered by the social enterprise (Anderson, 2015). Process Who Gives A Crap recycles materials and uses them to make tissues and toilet papers. The products are then transported to the marketplaces where they are sold. Proceeds from the selling of the products are then divided into two. 50% of the proceeds are used to construct toilets in developing countries while the other 50% is used in the expansion and day to day running of the organizations activities (Anderson, 2015). Physical environment The physical environment of the organization is clean, presentable, smart and modern. The management of the social enterprise has ensured that all their physical environments across the world are appealing to their customers. Accessibility has also been greatly improved such that all their customers can visit any the premises of the social enterprise without any obstruction (princesstachana, 2016). SWOT Analysis Strength The social enterprise has made for itself a brand name through the building of toilets for people in developing countries. The customers, therefore, have a feeling of ownership in the enterprise. As a result, they promote the sale of their products. Also, the enterprise makes their products from recycled materials which greatly reduce their production cost. Weakness The only weakness of the social enterprise is the inability to monopolize the market completely. Opportunities There are several business organizations such as Craig and Karl that have partnered with the Social Enterprise. Such collaboration markets the products and services offered by the social enterprise. They are therefore able to reach out to more customers (Cunningham, 2016). Threats The social enterprise is only investing 50% of their profits while their competitors are investing all their profits. As a result, their competitors have the edge over them when it comes to the rate of expansion and development (Anderson, 2015). Conclusion Social enterprises work extremely hard in order to raise revenue to sustain their operations. However, they must be aware of the competitors in the market. They must therefore effectively adopt the correct market strategies that would enable them to win as many customers as possible. Social enterprises have had a tremendous impact in communities across the world. Government spending in social projects has declined in the recent past. The organizations have done very well by filling in the gap. References Marnie Cunningham. (2016). Who Gives a Crap: Toilet Paper That's Making a Difference. Global Citizen, 13-15. Anderson, C. (2015). Social Startup 'Who Gives A Crap' Is Making Toilet Paper Cool To Help Those In Need. The Huffington Post, 5-6. Desmond, J., Stone, M. A. (2007). Fundamentals of marketing. London, UK: Routledge. Ferrell, O. C., Hartline , M. D. (2010). Marketing Strategy (5th edition ed.). Chicago: South-Western. Lehmann, D., Winer, R. (2007). Analysis for Marketing Planning (7 ed.). Syndey: McGraw-Hill Education. Marketing Minds. (2012, March 13). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from https://www.marketingminds.com.au/branding/apple_branding_strategy.html. princesstachana. (2016). Who Gives A Crap Tissues and Toilet Paper. Wordpress, 9.

Financial Analysis of Tesco free essay sample

This paper highlights different financial aspects of TESCO Ltd. Company. It identifies different sources of finance for the company. An overview of different financial ratios which represent liquidity, profitability and performance of the company. Then an investment appraisal has been developed for TESCO for further growth, development and expansion of the business. Table of Contents Abstract:2 Introduction:4 Sources of Finance:5 Internal Resources:5 External Sources:6 Recommendations:8 INVESTMENT APPRAISAL:10 Post Completion Review (PCR):10 Methods of Investment Appraisal11 Ratio Analysis:13 Profitability Ratios:13 Return on Assets:15 Efficiency Ratios:17 Liquidity Ratios:20 Quick Ratio:21 Stability Ratios:22 References:23 Introduction: TESCO was founded by Mr. Jack Cohen in 1919, when he initiated to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. It’s first own brand product was TESCO Tea and its first store was Burnt Oak, Edgware, North London. In 1932 TESCO stores became a private limited company. First modern food warehouse was introduced by TESCO in 1934. In last ten years, the following are the major milestones of TESCO. †¢ Tesco. com was launched and in this was it became online. †¢ TESCO became leading organic retailer in the UK. †¢ TESCO launched ‘Customer Champions’ in its stores. †¢ It entered Malaysia, Japan, Turkey, China, United States, South Korea and India in different types of business opportunities and with different products according to the local requirements. †¢ It became first major British Super Market to enter music download market. †¢ It launched Tesco Homeplus. The current strategy of TESCO is to diversify the business which was laid down in 1997 and it has proved the base of success for the business not only in UK but also in many other markets and it had proved itself as a market leader. Sources of Finance: [pic] Internal Resources: Retained Profit: Retained profit is the amount of profit or dividend which is not distributed to the share holders but retained for the some new investment/project like that. So instead of going to banks or any other outside source of finance, mostly organizations prefer to utilize retained profit. Table and graph showing retained earnings from 2008 to Feb. 2010 [pic] Sale of fixed assets: Sale of fixed assets which are no more needed in the organization due to the replacement of new technology can be a source of finance as well so it would be a sensible decision that instead of paying cost to maintain and stock such fixed assets, those assets should be sold and finance should be obtained. External Sources: Bank Overdraft: When an account reaches zero, even then the company can withdraw the money from the account, this is called overdraft (Sayer 2007). This facility is very important for the company as sometimes it may need to use this facility urgent to accomplish some transaction. HP/ Leasing: According to Sayer (2007), â€Å"An agreement in which one party gains a long-term rental agreement and the other party receives a form of secured long-term debt. † The companies prefer to lease the costly machinery usually instead of purchasing it. The company pays the rent of the leased item as per terms and conditions whereas the leasing companies maintains the items and usually replace whenever there is some problem. Trade Credit: â€Å"Trade credit is an arrangement between businesses to buy goods or services on account, that is, without making immediate cash payment† (Atrill and McLaney 1995). It is the easiest and quickest way to delay the payment without any type of interest. Trade credit is the basic and foremost need of every business. Loans: Loan the amount of money which is borrowed from the financial institution to start a new business or initiate some new projects or products in the existing business. Usually after paying the interest on loan, tax is paid, so some organizations prefer to take loan instead of utilizing the retained earnings for the business requirements. Before issuing loan the financial institution always check the balance sheet of the organization to evaluate the stability and credibility of the business. This is usually done by business analysts. Debentures: â€Å"A debenture is an unsecured bond. Essentially, it is a bond that is not backed by a physical asset or collateral† (Ennew and Waite 2007). Debentures may be convertible or non-convertible. Convertible debentures allow the holder to exchange the debenture for the company’s shares whereas non convertible debentures can never be converted into company’s stock. Normally the interest rate of non convertible debentures is higher than convertible debentures. Preference shares: There are two main characteristics of preference shares which make them different from common stock: i) The holders of preferred stock are given preference in the distribution of dividend. ii) They don’t have the power or right to vote. Preference shares can be converted into common stock. Recommendations: As we look at the balance sheet of TESCO and focusing on short term external sources of finance, we come to know that current liabilities which are actually short term sources of finance are trade and their payables, borrowings, derivative financial instruments and other liabilities, customer deposits and deposits by banks. From the values it is obvious that the current liabilities are increased from 2008 to Feb. 2010 negatively. The most important factor is that they have negative current liabilities. Net current liabilities are shown by the following table and chart. |2008 (? ) |2009(? m) |Feb Feb. 2010(? m) | |(4045) |(4116) |(4250) | Table: Net Current Liabilities [pic] Graph showing Short Term Liabilities of TESCO Long Term Liabilities are the sources of finance which are required to pay by the business in long term i. e. more than one year. Some its examples are Debentures, bank loans and mortgages, venture capital etc. By analyzing the balance sheet of TESCO it is perceived that it has negative non- current liabilities like borrowings, derivative financial instruments and other liabilities in negative which is really an unusual trend and show the strength of the business. Overall it has the following total non-current or long term liabilities. |2008 (? m) |2009(? m) |Feb. 2010(? m) | |(7,946) |(15063) |(15,327) | Table showing total non-current liabilities [pic] Graph showing total non-current liability for three years From the analysis of current and non current liabilities of TESCO it is very much clear that the company is in a very strong position. But at the same time they are missing the opportunity of utilizing the liabilities, so it should expand the business by getting loans, as they have a really good credibility position and every financial institution would wish to be its creditor. INVESTMENT APPRAISAL: When the companies are going well and they are in a strong position, they expand their business which is a good option. TESCO is also working on the same lines; it has already expanded its business to different countries. It entered Malaysia, Japan, Turkey, China, United States, South Korea and India in different types of business opportunities and with different products according to the local requirements. It is very necessary to make an investment proposal. Six Stages of Project Appraisal: Project Identification: First of all it is needed to identify the project which will be the most profitable and will also be least risky. Shareholders will obviously be concerned and interested only in that project which gives them maximum return on the investment. Project screening: it is the stage in which previously guessed feasible project evaluated keeping in view all the aspects of its implementation, profitability and all other matters. It is the main selection stage for the best feasible project. Analyze Implication: In this stage it is evaluated that the implication of the project is feasible or not. So it is completely examined and studied. Project Evaluation: This stage of the project is more concerned with the outcomes of the project. It means after the development of the project is complete what would be the outcomes of the project. It also makes clear that what would be the future prospects. oo Accept or Reject: if the project is feasible in terms of cost, people and other resources and it would be beneficial for the company, and then now the company decides to accept it or reject. As at this stage it is better to reject a non feasible project instead of investing and wasting a large amount of money. Post Completion Review (PCR): According to Hirst and Kerrison (2009), â€Å"A post completion review is a process aimed at assessing, ex post, the efficiency and effectiveness of a capital budgeting decision and of the management of its implementation. It is based on a comparison between planned and actual actions, costs and resource usage, results and benefits. † It encompasses the review of all guesses about markets, technology, personnel, environment, competition, cost of capital, etc. hat were made during the decision-making period. It is the comparison of assumption and the real outcome and it is an ongoing process through which organizations improves.

Tips For Writing About Food Safety Essay Topics

Tips For Writing About Food Safety Essay TopicsThe idea of food safety essay topics is to get students to consider their own personal behaviors and attitudes toward food preparation and consumption. By doing this, they can reflect on the knowledge they already have about food safety, as well as being prompted to take another look at certain practices that are considered inappropriate in some parts of the world. While these essays provide ample opportunity for students to show off their creative writing skills, they are also a great way to train them to think critically about the various risks associated with food consumption. Here are some interesting food safety essay topics students should consider:A simple way to show that safety standards are in place for food is to imagine a scenario in which a person would prepare or consume the food and not face any difficulties at all. A good way to do this is to picture the food in its entirety; do you eat a piece of it right away or will yo u put it on ice for a while? Another idea would be to imagine that you are in a restaurant and see a serving of food that looks appealing. In order to safely eat that piece of food, what will you do?What will you do if the food that's served to you is contaminated by E. Coli? Will you clean it up or not? This essay could help students see the potential risk involved when they choose food that they know to be contaminated, instead of choosing foods that they know to be safe. The line between healthy but contaminated food is not always clear. Students could find out more about contamination by learning about the foods that can be considered contaminated by this kind of bacteria.When a person eats a tainted food that he or she knows is ill-prepared, will they just eat it in an improper manner? Perhaps they will throw it out or refuse to consume it at all. While many people may choose to avoid this option, there is also the possibility that a college student who is eager to learn about food safety can prevent an outbreak of foodborne illness if they act responsibly in the event that it does happen.Students also need to know more about what happens when something happens in between the preparation of food and the time it is served to them. Can a food go bad but then be kept in a cool place until the company is ready to serve it? Can bacteria or food poisoning develop in a warehouse without anyone ever knowing?As much as we'd like to think that our common sense shows us the right path when faced with potential problems, it may not always be the best choice. It is very important for students to understand that they need to take all the steps necessary to prepare the food that has been found to be ill-prepared. They need to be able to take measures to ensure that the equipment used to prepare the food is safe.Food safety is not just about how safe a person can be around food, but also about what happens when that food is served to others. If you or someone you know we re diagnosed with a food-borne illness or infection, would you be willing to take that person in? Would you voluntarily subject yourself to another episode of food poisoning if there was no other choice?The idea of food safety essay topics is to make students aware of the safety issues that may arise when people eat food that has been improperly prepared. Such topics could include contamination, accidents, and the legal responsibility of people who handle food that has not been prepared correctly. In addition, it could also cover sanitation and proper handling of raw meat as well as poultry.

Colorado Essays - Leadville, Colorado, Colorado, Ranch,

Colorado Colorado: Then and Now Hard to get and heavy to hold.? (Coel 1) Headlines in 1858 when gold was found along the Platte River. Which started a booming economy in mining. Some struck it rich and some moved on. Some did farming and ranching, while others started a new business and some saw the money in tourism. In time some of these people have continued to become successful and others have found wealth. But what has really happened to the businesses of Colorado as a whole? Mining, farming and ranching, and tourism were important parts of Colorado around 1900 at the turn of the century, but many wonder if at the start of a new century is it the same. As many people look back at the beginning of this century they say mining is what built Colorado. It is true, but it has also hurt us in the future. The positive side of mining is that it brought great revenue to Colorado. It also built cities and helped businesses grow. A great example of this is the town of Leadville. It did not seem like Leadville would grow in 1876 because, ?the region itself was like an empty beach, washed by two tides of mining activity and littered with abandoned sluices, empty cans, and rotting cabins.? (Abbott 157) Then in 1879 under the leadership of Mayor H.A.W. Tabor, ?they defined misdemeanors, tried to enforce the ordinances, and fought to keep city officials from packing off to other mining towns.? (Abbott 164) To help the city improve with this leadership Leadville grew to become a successful town and in 1880 received access to the railroad and had a population of 14,280 people making it Colorado's second largest city. (Abbott 170) This is the story of many of the mining towns some with the same results and others with stories of disasters and failures, but this is how Colorado grew. The bad side to this story is that during the mining the miners would put their debris (mining waste) on to the hillsides and left the mines behind and mine run-off. The debris has large amounts of toxic materials in it. It has been found in Leadville that kids that have played in the debris have increased chances of heart problems, cancer, and developing a learning disability. (Posion in the Rockies) Also, the mine run-off mixes with the rivers and streams in the mountains and can get into our drinking water. (Posion in the Rockies) If we do not keep a close eye on this many tragic things can happen to the people of Colorado. This is one price that we have had to pay to grow into a prosperous state. One industry that helped keep the miners going was farming and ranching. The farming community would set up markets in mining towns and at the end of the day miners would buy produce from the farmers. Many settlers that moved to Colorado did not want to strike it rich with gold or silver, but wanted a new life. The trouble with farming in the early days was finding the right land in Colorado. Many people became discouraged and stopped moving to Colorado until December 4, 1869. On this date Nathan C. Meeker wrote an article in the New York Tribune discussing the process of irrigating Colorado to make it a productive farming state. Also in the article he was selling land, but called it a membership fee of $155 to live in the new farming cities. He said it would ?be pooled for the purchase of land, with each member entitled to receive a farming plot and to purchase a town lot. Surplus funds were to be applied by the trustees to ?improvements for the common good.? (Crutchfield 45) Fifteen hundred men bought this land and within a year there were over four hundred houses, a Colony Hall, two brick business blocks, a library, lyceum, schools, and churches. ?The absence of liquor stores, saloons, and billiard halls, said the temperance men who founded and people the colony, accounted for its ?sobriety, good order, peace, harmony, and prosperity.? (Crutchfield 46) This town became a success and is still around today and is known as the town of Greeley. Meeker again bought land

Psychology of Criminal Behavior free essay sample

Aileen Wuornos was a prostitute who shot to death at least seven middle-aged men that she encountered along northern and central Florida highways. Between 1989 and 1990, she murdered men that solicited her for sexual favors or who responded to her offer of sex for money. Aileen Wuornos is listed as one of the nation’s few female serial killers executed by lethal injection. The primary question for researchers and psychologists concerning this case was, â€Å"Is Aillen Wournos a victim of a failed upbringing or is she truly a monster† (Seal, 2008)? It is evident when analyzing this case that the motivation and drive to commit these heinous crimes was being fueled by environmental, cognitive, and psychological factors that stemmed from her childhood. This case became an interest to many that led to the release of three books, two movies, and a production by the San Francisco Opera. Aileen Wuornos’ victims were all middle-aged, white males who paid Aileen for sexual relations, however in each of the murders she claimed that they had all tried to rape/assault her and that she killed them in self-defense (Seal, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology of Criminal Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her preferred method was to shoot them and to hide their bodies in the woods. In order to consider if the nature versus nurture appeal is relevant in the case of Aileen Wuornos there needs to be a close examination of her past. In nature, one adopts the genetic traits derived trough biological parents, and nurture is what one learns through life experiences (DeLisi, 2013). There are obvious attributes that contributed to Aileen Wuornos’ behavior and criminal acts. Her childhood experiences that she had to endure through increase the probability for the development of criminal tendencies, to include the abnormal sexual behavior that she took part in. Aileen Wuornos’ behaviors seem to have been a result from her dysfunctional childhood. There is also a possibility that traits from her father who was labeled as a sociopath and child molester who hung himself in jail could be applied in the nature vs. nurture theory in regards to her actions. Like Wuornos, her father was abandoned by his mother in infancy, and then adopted by his grandmother. As an adult, he was imprisoned for ‘‘kidnapping, rape, and crimes against nature,’’ eventually committing suicide in jail. Although Wuornos, too, was abandoned by her mother, raised by grandparents, and attempted suicide several times, she was never charged with kidnapping, rape, or ‘‘crimes against nature. ’’ Before her arrest for murder, her criminal record included disorderly Aileen Wuornos, Feminism’s ‘‘First Serial Killer’’ conduct, driving under the influence, forgery, and armed robbery. Because the specific nature of their crimes is seemingly less significant than the fact that they both were caught participating in illegal acts, this connection between Wuornos and her father, a blood relative, implicitly upholds a genetic explanation for her criminal behavior. The biological origin of crime is reinforced by the continuous need to point out that Wuornos never knew him (Pearson, 2007). Learning is the function that leads to possible or permanent behaviors. Behavioral psychology associates the way one’s behavior responds from the stimuli in one’s environment. The environment attributes to affecting the behavior from how they are learned, and the motivation which either alters the perception or stays the same (DeLisi, 2013). The theories apply to the behavior of Aileen Wuornos and how she responded from her childhood throughout her adult life. Her environment was a primary foundation that influenced her responses and choices she made, and her maltreatment constructed a person who felt isolated and trapped. Aileen Wuornos was brought up in an environment full of indecency, anger, cruelty, violence, abandonment, and disappointing behaviors. It also seems as though her killings were justified in her eyes as a means to survive by getting money, cars, and personal items to pawn. This may also stem from her childhood where she had to begin prostituting as a method to survive even in her teens. In this case the analysis of Aileen’s childhood and upbringing can seem to play a role in her behavior throughout her life. A popular concept in criminology, for instance, is social support theory, which is the general idea that family relationships, friendship networks, and social institutional supports such as church groups, community activities, and employment opportunities are needed to not only prevent crime but also assist offenders in the desistance process (DeLisi, 2013). It seems that in Aileen Wuornos’s case that if she would have had better family relationships and some type of support system that there could have been a possibility that her criminal behavior may had been reduced. Using a biological theory approach to view the Wuornos case, it appears that there lies some evidence to aid the concept that Wuornos was driven to murder with a biological predisposition. Within the late 1900s, one criminologist suggested certain physical qualities he thought could be employed to identify somebody that would use criminal activity, together with a large face having a prominent sloping temple, hair loss and high checkbones (Gibson, 2002). It should be noted that these definitions of criminal atavistic stigmata are in most cases masculine in nature, which means that a logical conclusion would be that he believed any woman with prominent masculine facial characteristics is a sign of deviance and would be assumed to have biological urges towards committing criminal acts (Gibson, 2002). Aileen Wuornos did have what some would consider to be masculine physical facial features. In addition Wuornoss gay associations shows an unconventional gender alignment, which identifies that Wuornos may have had a sexual identity disorder in addition to other personality disorders. Personality disorders are typically referred to as a class of personality types which deviate from contemporary societal expectations and are characterized by relatively stable patterns of maladaptive traits and behaviors. In general, individuals diagnosed with personality disorders are classified based on the traits that tend to cause them to feel and behave in socially dysfunctional ways, and these traits are often an extreme deviation from the way an average person in a particular culture perceives, thinks, feels, and relates to others. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), these presumably enduring patterns of behaviors, generally stable and pervasive across contexts, are often congruent with inner experiences, and are therefore subjectively perceived by the individual as appropriate or normative (Esterberg, Goulding, Walker, 2010). Antisocial behavior may also be a complicating symptom of borderline personality disorder, but may be more central in lower levels of narcissistic personality disorder; it is always a negative prognostic factor. This is particularly true for the syndrome of malignant narcissism, the most severe form of the narcissistic personality that is characterized by ego-syntonic aggression, paranoia, and antisocial traits, and for the antisocial personality disorder proper. These are important differential diagnostic considerations when the clinical picture appears to be, at first sight, a borderline personality disorder, and they need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of all patients within this spectrum of pathology who do present chronic antisocial behaviors (Clarkin, Lenzenweger, Yeomans, Levy Kernberg, 2007). Aileen Wuornos was viewed as a social outcast, filthy prostitute, and violent bisexual. Her case focused on her character and a strong stigma was formed against her, perhaps because she did not comfortably fit into society’s accepted views of femininity. Erving Goffman, in his Stigma and Social Identity, offers an explanation of the affects of a stigma, which can be readily applied to Wuornos’ case: By definition, of course, we believe the person with a stigma is not quite human. On this assumption we exercise varieties of discrimination, through which we effectively, if not unthinkingly, reduce [her] life chances. We construct a stigma-theory, an ideology to explain [her] inferiority and account for the dangers [she] represents (Weatherby, Blanche Jones, 2008). The State’s expert psychologist, Dr. Bernard, testified that Aileen Wuornos suffered from both borderline personality disorder as well as antisocial personality disorder. Although he agreed with other experts that Wuornos experienced impaired capacity and mental disturbance at the time of the crimes, he concluded the impairment was not substantial and the disturbance was not extreme. He also agreed there was evidence of nonstatutory mitigating evidence, such as Wuornos’ mental problems, alcoholism, disturbance, and genetic or environment deficits. In spite of those acknowledgments Aileen Wuornos was still deemed competent enough to stand trial, which I feel was unfair. Aileen Wuornos came to be viewed as an evil monster that needed to be executed so that she would never kill again. When this strong sense of labeling was leveled against her, Wuornos had little choice but to fit into this mold of a violent and possessed woman. Despite her outbursts and firing of her lawyers the courts remained sure that she was able to stand trial, even though her behavior was consistently erratic and demonstrated instability. Personality is developed in early infancy stage and Aileen Wuornos’ developmental years were filled with the lack of trust, lack of security, and there was no bonding relationships for her to thrive from. Throughout her life there was a void due to the absence of proper parenting, guidance, and love. All of these issues constructed a woman who was unstable. That in combination with the fact that there was a history of abuse and incest relations that Aileen had to endure traumatically affected her development and behavior. If there had been individuals that could have noticed warning signs when Aileen was younger such as teachers, counselors, or doctors there could have possibility been some type of intervention for her and could have potentially helped her become more mentally stable. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the concept in changing one’s way they perceive aspects, behaviors, and responses; no matter when the environment changes (Arrigo, Griffin, 2004). The method primarily centers on a person’s thought process, and is perceive that one is responsible for their behavior, emotions, and responses. In altering one’s thought process, they may possess criminal tendencies, however, can learn how to be more relaxed and at peace (Arrigo, Griffin, 2004). There is a very high probability that Wuornos suffered from many of the aspects leading to her choices of violence, and if she were given more treatment measures, she may have learned to control her behavior and thought process, by coming to acceptance of the negligent, and abandonment, for which she displayed for her entire lifespan. Aileen’s actions will possibly be never truly understood, however, it is perceived that psychopaths enter into the world with no conscience capacities (Arrigo, Griffin, 2004). It is easy to want to perceive that Aileen Wuornos was a victim herself and became a product of her childhood upbringing. However, the state of Florida’s prosecution pronounced her to be a serial killer and sentenced her to death. Aileen Wuornos was never assessed or treated for mental illness due to her demeanor and self-proclamation of her willingness to kill again if released. In 2001, Wuornos requested that the state of Florida hasten her execution. She recanted her self-defense plea, explaining, ‘‘I just flat robbed [and] killed them, and there was a lot of hatred behind everything. ’’ She maintained, ‘‘I am a serial killer. I would kill again. ’’ By rejecting self-defense and psychological injury, Wuornos, some might argue, confirms her own duplicity (Pearson, 2007). Aileen was executed in 2002 and with her she took the details of why she did what she did. The execution of Aileen Wuornos was questionable to some people. These feelings were due to the thought that she was struggling with serious mental problems and really should have been given the chance for rehabilitation. Those circumstances could have been perceived as possible ethical issues surrounding the case. Both biological and developmental theories are visible in the Wuornoss situation, making it difficult to determine which theory would be more applicable in determining her behavior. The biological approach, according to other theorists work, appears to recognize certain physical qualities present with some criminals, but doesnt explain the manifest. The developmental model is much more convincing, even though the reality might be that both models are operating in society with in every individual to certain degree. Wuornos’s actions will possibly be never truly understood, however, it is perceived that psychopaths enter into the world with no conscience capacities (Arrigo, B. , Griffin, 2004). Many want to perceive that Wuornos was a victim for her actions and not a serial killer. However, the state’s prosecution overrode and it was perceived that she would definitely kill again if released. It is evident when analyzing this case that the motivation and drive to commit these heinous crimes was being fueled by environmental, cognitive, and psychological factors that stemmed from her childhood. This case study has reiterated the benefits of identifying, assessing, and prescribing treatment if necessary to children who may seem to be â€Å"at risk† for criminal behavior. A question in the back of my mind regarding this case will always be was Aileen Wuornos’s criminal behavior’s preventable?

Essay on Mr Kevin Dube

Essay on Mr Kevin Dube Essay on Mr Kevin Dube P5 HOW ANTI-DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICE IS PROMOTED ROYAL BOURNEMOUTH HOSPITAL "Will have equality and diversity embedded within the organisation". Equality and diversity is a term used to describe how there will be opportunity for all, giving every individual the chance to achieve their potential, free from prejudice and discrimination. This quote means they will try and incorporate equality and diversity more into their organisations, for example by the use of posters and advertising. Additionally, training could be set up so that the staff know more about equality and diversity and this might help them understand what is expected of them in the practice. "Will regularly seek engagement with all parts of its community including those from protected groups and will ensure that they are involved and included in decision making" this will cover all parts of the community, which is made up of different groups of people including; race, culture, religion, age, gender, homosexuals and heterosexuals, this is a way of bringing everyone together in diversity and equality. This will also mean that everyone is included and the community will feel a part of the service, making it more successful because of the different ideas coming from the community who already use the service. As a result the quality of care could be even better than it was before. "Will provide fair, accessible and good quality healthcare services for all of its patients" no one is left out everyone is then entitled to good quality health care, which is catered to the needs of the patient. This might bring in more people because there might be parts of the communities that might not feel like they can be a part of the service. (The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals) POOLE BOROUGH COUNCIL "Building strong, safe and inclusive communities where people from all backgrounds come together" bringing in everyone as a community Poole Borough Council promotes anti-discriminatory practice by treating everyone equally. This also means there will be a strong set of support in the practice depending on the individual needs. This will also break down barriers by not leaving people out all parts of the community will come together and work as a unit. "Enabling people to influence decisions that affect their lives and no community is hard to hear" this promotes anti-discriminatory practice by making sure no one is ignored, everyone's view counts. Instead of asking one person, by asking an entire community individually could make the projects more successful and also at the same time bring everyone together. "Being an employer of choice, promoting fair pay and equal access to employment" even as employee's no one will be turned away based on discrimination of any kind. This will bring them more applicants and people will want to work there as a result they will get a good reputation in the community. Additionally this might set an example in the community and other employers might want to follow in these footsteps. (Borough of Poole) M3 DIFFICULTIES THAT MAY ARISE WHEN IMPLEMENTING ANIT-DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICE "Will have equality and diversity embedded within the organisation" These maybe ignored in the practice, due to ignorance or failure to adjust. Staff may not be informed of the changes properly. The staff might have a difficulty adjusting to the new policies and as a result staff might not know what they are doing. "Will regularly seek engagement with all parts of its community